宿主机:
REDHAT 9.0
gcc-3.4.1
方针机:s3c2440
穿插编译器:arm-linux-gcc-3.4.1
要移植的内核版别:linux-2.6.28.7
文件体系: cramfs
预备常识:
Linux支撑多种渠道架构。在其源码的arch目录下,现已将各种支撑的渠道架构的源码分门别类。为了装备便利,在各种渠道架构的目录下,一般都配有一个
名为configs的目录。其间,放置着许多现已开端装备好的defconfig文件。经过这些defconfig文件,加快了咱们装备内核的速度。比方我所用的是一个arm
架构的s3c2440板,那我就能够从arch/arm/configs/中找到s3c2410_defconfig,这是现在最匹配2440的一个默许装备文件了。运用: #make s3c2410_defconfig
或
#cp arch/arm/configs/s3c2410_defconfig ./.config
仿制代码履行上述指令后,将会在源码目录下生成相应的.config装备文件。经过 #make menuconfig
或
#make xconfig
仿制代码能够进一步装备内核。最终履行 #make zImage
仿制代码生成咱们所需的烧录文件。
内核编译根本指令: make mrproper — 整理悉数文件,包括.config和一些备份文件
make clean — 整理生成文件,但会保存.config和一些模块文件
make defconfig — 生成包括悉数默许选项的.config文件。这儿用make s3c2410_defconfig代替
make oldconfig — 在旧的.config基础上生成新的.config。假如只想在本来内核装备的基础上修正一些小当地,会省去不少费事
make config — 根据文本的最为传统的装备界面,不引荐运用
make menuconfig — 根据文本选单的装备界面,字符终端下引荐运用
make xconfig — 根据图形窗口形式的装备界面,Xwindow下引荐运用
仿制代码移植linux-2.6.28内核(假定已下载linux-2.6.28.tar.gz)
1. 解压源代码
我将已下载的linux-2.6.28.tar.gz放置在/usr/local/arm目录下,所以,进入/usr/local/arm目录,解压内核源代码: #cd /usr/local/arm
#tar jxvf linux-2.6.28.7.tar.bz2
#cd linux-2.6.28.7
仿制代码2. 更改Makefile #ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)
#CROSS_COMPILE ?=
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-
或许:CROSS_COMPILE ?= /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-
仿制代码我是将穿插编译器安装在/usr/local/arm目录下的。
3. 生成默许装备 #make s3c2410_defconfig
仿制代码履行后,在终端打印出如下信息: [root@localhost linux-2.6.28.7]# make s3c2410_defconfig
HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
HOSTCC scripts/basic/docproc
HOSTCC scripts/basic/hash
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.o
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/lex.zconf.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/conf
#
# configuration written to .config
#
[root@localhost linux-2.6.28.7]#
仿制代码4. 增加devfs文件体系支撑linux2.6.28现已去掉devfs,为了内核支撑devfs以及在发动时并在/sbin/init运转之前能主动挂载/dev为devfs文件体系,修正
fs的Kconfig文件。linux-2.6.28/fs/Kconfig修正的内容:
找到menu “Pseudo filesystems”
增加如下句子: config DEVFS_FS
bool “/dev file system support (OBSOLETE)”
default y
config DEVFS_MOUNT
bool “Automatically mount at boot”
default y
depends on DEVFS_FS
仿制代码5. 修正晶振( 可解决打印信息乱码问题 )
文件:arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-smdk2440.c s3c24xx_init_clocks(12000000);
仿制代码6. 修正MTD分区
文件: arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/common-smdk.c
需求和bootloader中的分区信息相同(128M),不然,发动时犯错。 static struct mtd_partition smdk_default_nand_part[] = {
[0] = {
.name = “Boot”,
.size = 0x00100000,
.offset = 0
},
[1] = {
.name = “MyApp”,
.size = 0x003c0000,
.offset = 0x00140000,
},
[2] = {
.name = “Kernel”,
.size = 0x00300000,
.offset = 0x00500000,
},
[3] = {
.name = “fs_yaffs”,
.size = 0x03c00000, //30M
.offset = 0x00800000,
},
[4] = {
.name = “WINCE”,
.size = 0x03c00000,
.offset = 0x04400000,
}
};
仿制代码7. 封闭ECC校验
文件:drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410.c
函数:s3c2410_nand_init_chip chip->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_NONE;
仿制代码8. 装备内核 #make menuconfig
仿制代码根据需求装备内核选项,首要包括:
(1) 发动传递参数
(2) devfs文件体系支撑
(3) 芯片及体系类型装备
(4) DMA Engine support
(5) MMC/SD/SDIO card support
(6) Dm9000网卡支撑
(7) LCD支撑
(8) USB输入设备支撑
(9) 声卡设备支撑
其间有一些需求修正源码的当地会在下面阐明。
9. 保存装备并退出xconfig,生成zImage文件 #make zImage
仿制代码OK,将生成的zImage文件烧到开发板上就能够了。
(1). 发动
|—Boot options| |—Default kernel command string: [root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=cramfs init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
devfs=mount mem=64]
剖析:
/dev/mtdblock3 : 表明MTD分区的第3个分区存储根文件体系
rootfstype=cramfs : 分区是cramfs类型,这项不加应该关系不大
init=/linuxrc : 发动的首个脚本即根目录下的linuxrc
console=ttySAC0,115200 : 运用串口1作为串口调试,波特率设置为115200; 现在现已摒弃了曾经运用ttyS0的写法
devfs=mount : 在/sbin/init运转之前能主动挂载/dev为devfs文件体系
mem=64 : 存储器巨细为64M
(2).LCD支撑.
修正mach-smdk2410.c文件,增加:
static struct s3c2410fb_display smdk2410_lcd_cfg __initdata = {
.lcdcon5 = S3C2410_LCDCON5_FRM565 |
S3C2410_LCDCON5_INVVLINE |
S3C2410_LCDCON5_INVVFRAME |
S3C2410_LCDCON5_PWREN |
S3C2410_LCDCON5_HWSWP,
.type = S3C2410_LCDCON1_TFT,
.width = 320,
.height = 240,
.pixclock = 270000,
.xres = 320,
.yres = 240,
.bpp = 16,
.left_margin =8,
.right_margin = 5,
.hsync_len = 63,
.upper_margin = 15,
.lower_margin = 3,
.vsync_len = 5,
};
static struct s3c2410fb_mach_info smdk2410_fb_info __initdata = {
.displays = &smdk2410_lcd_cfg,
.num_displays = 1,
.default_display = 0,
#if 0
.gpccon = 0xaa940659,
.gpccon_mask = 0xffffffff,
.gpcup = 0x0000ffff,
.gpcup_mask = 0xffffffff,
.gpdcon = 0xaa84aaa0,
.gpdcon_mask = 0xffffffff,
.gpdup = 0x0000faff,
.gpdup_mask = 0xffffffff,
#endif
.lpcsel = 0, //((0xCE6) & ~7) | 1<<4,
};
仿制代码(2)增加对SD卡支撑
修正mach-smdk2410.c文件增加:&s3c_device_sdi,
(3)对128Mflash支撑
修正/linux-2.6.28.7/drivers/mtd/nand下面的nand_bbt.c文件: static struct nand_bbt_descr largepage_memorybased = {
.options = 0,
.offs = 0,
.len = 2, // 支撑128M修正为1
.pattern = scan_ff_pattern
};
static struct nand_bbt_descr largepage_flashbased = {
.options = NAND_BBT_SCAN2NDPAGE,
.offs = 0,
.len = 2, // 支撑128M修正为1
.pattern = scan_ff_pattern
};
仿制代码(4)修正对dm9000网卡支撑
a.修正 drivers/net/dm9000.c 文件:
头文件增加:
#include //by bai
#include
#include
仿制代码在dm9000_probe 函数开端增加:
unsigned char ne_def_eth_mac_addr[]={0x00,0x12,0x34,0x56,0x80,0x49};
static void *bwscon;
static void *gpfcon;
static void *extint0;
static void *intmsk;
#define BWSCON (0x48000000)
#define GPFCON (0x56000050)
#define EXTINT0 (0x56000088)
#define INTMSK (0x4A000008)
bwscon=ioremap_nocache(BWSCON,0x0000004);
gpfcon=ioremap_nocache(GPFCON,0x0000004);
extint0=ioremap_nocache(EXTINT0,0x0000004);
intmsk=ioremap_nocache(INTMSK,0x0000004);
writel(readl(bwscon)|0xc0000,bwscon);
writel( (readl(gpfcon) & ~(0x3 << 14)) | (0x2 << 14), gpfcon);
writel( readl(gpfcon) | (0x1 << 7), gpfcon); // Disable pull-up
writel( (readl(extint0) & ~(0xf << 28)) | (0x4 << 28), extint0); //rising edge
writel( (readl(intmsk)) & ~0x80, intmsk);
仿制代码在这个函数的最终需求修正: if (!is_valid_ether_addr(ndev->dev_addr)) {
mac_src = “chip”;
for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
//ndev->dev_addr[i] = ior(db, i+DM9000_PAR); //by bai
ndev->dev_addr[i] = ne_def_eth_mac_addr[i];
}
仿制代码b.修正arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c
在static struct platform_device *smdk2410_devices[] __initdata中增加: &s3c_device_dm9000,
static struct map_desc smdk2410_iodesc[] __initdata = {
[0] = {
.virtual = (unsigned long)S3C24XX_VA_DM9000,
.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(S3C24XX_PA_DM9000),
.length = SZ_1M,
.type = MT_DEVICE,
},
};
仿制代码c.vi arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/devs.c
增加头文件 #include
static struct resource s3c_dm9000_resource[] = {
[0] = {
.start = S3C24XX_PA_DM9000,
.end = S3C24XX_PA_DM9000+ 0x3,
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM
},
[1]={
.start = S3C24XX_PA_DM9000 + 0x4, //CMD pin is A2
.end = S3C24XX_PA_DM9000 + 0x4 + 0x7c,
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM
},
[2] = {
.start = IRQ_EINT7,
.end = IRQ_EINT7,
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ
},
};
static struct dm9000_plat_data s3c_device_dm9000_platdata = {
.flags= DM9000_PLATF_16BITONLY,
};
struct platform_device s3c_device_dm9000 = {
.name= “dm9000”,
.id= 0,
.num_resources= ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_dm9000_resource),
.resource= s3c_dm9000_resource,
.dev= {
.platform_data = &s3c_device_dm9000_platdata,
}
};
EXPORT_SYMBOL(s3c_device_dm9000);
仿制代码d.vi arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/include/mach/devs.h 45行邻近,增加 extern struct platform_device s3c_device_dm9000;
仿制代码e.vi /linux-2.6.28.7/arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/include/mach/map.h 文件
#define S3C24XX_PA_DM9000 0x20000300
#define S3C24XX_VA_DM9000 0xE0000000
仿制代码